Researchers with the CEPAMS collaboration used DNA sequencing technology to assemble the genomic sequence of skullcap (Scutellaria barbata) known in China as banzhilian. This gave the team the the genetic information — a microevolutionary history — required to identify how the plant produces the compound scutebarbatine A, which acts against a range of cancer cells. Professor Cathie Martin, Group Leader at the John Innes Centre, and one of the authors of the study said, “We have found that the primary metabolite has activity against cancer cells but not non cancer cells which is especially important for an anti-cancer metabolite. Now we are looking to develop synthetic methods for producing more of the lead compound.”
Skullcap has been used both in traditional Chinese medicine and Native American medicine. Native American tribes used it in particular for women’s health as well as headaches, diarrhea and mood disorders. It contains anti-inflammatory compounds and also has antispasmodic properties that make it especially useful for pain related to muscle tension and menstral cramps. Skullcap has been studied extensively for its ability to help with pain, anxiety, and sleep.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), to isolate medicinal chemistry from the plant, the herb is boiled in water for two hours and extract is dried to produce a powder and taken as a decoction (concentrated liquid). Now using DNA sequencing, the knowledge of the genes that make up the biochemical pathway behind the anti-cancer activity of the herb, researchers are close to being able to synthesize larger quantities of compounds more rapidly and sustainably by using a host such as yeast.
The Skullcap genus has been used for centuries in TCM for treatment of different medical conditions. New clinical work has shown that preparations based on Scutellaria barbata during chemotherapy can reduce the risk of metastatic tumors. Plant-based traditional medicines have long been used to provide leads for the new drug discovery, and plant natural products like vinblastine and taxol are used clinically as anticancer drugs. TCM is one of the best catalogued systems with empirical information about the therapeutic properties of herbal remedies.
Known by herbalists as a nervine, which means an herb used to calm nerves and anxiety similar to chamomile, hops, and valerian. Nervines often have a side effect of drowsiness, but skullcap has a unique ability to calm the mind and body without causing sleepiness.
Clinical research indicates that this calming effect likely happens because compounds in skullcap stimulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a neurotransmitter that calms nerves and is believed to be key for treating anxiety. Anti-cancer drugs obtained from traditional Chinese medicine have higher efficacy than chemical synthetic drugs and with less toxic side effects.
Baicalin, an antioxidant found in American and Chinese skullcap, has previously demonstrated anticancer potential in studies and may also protect brain health. A compound found in American skullcap, scutellarein, has likewise shown an ability to stop the development of certain cancer cells and reduced tumors in animals. These antioxidants also have neuroprotective abilities, meaning they can protect brain cells and support brain health. Chinese skullcap was one of several herbs shown to protect neuronal cells, which may help in the search for a preventative treatment for Alzheimer’s.
Read the full research information on ScienceDaily.
Precautions when using skullcap: skullcap is generally considered a safe herb with few reported side effects however can cause blood sugar levels to drop, so consult with your healthcare provider if you are diabetic.